Question 1

What is Base64 encoding and why is it used?

Accepted Answer

Base64 is a binary-to-text encoding scheme that converts binary data into a sequence of 64 printable ASCII characters. It is primarily used to safely transmit binary data over text-based protocols like email (MIME) and HTTP, embed binary data in JSON or XML documents, store binary data in databases that only support text, and encode data in URLs where special characters might cause issues.

Question 2

How does Base64 encoding work technically?

Accepted Answer

Base64 encoding works by taking every 3 bytes (24 bits) of binary data and splitting them into 4 groups of 6 bits each. Each 6-bit group (values 0-63) is then mapped to one of 64 characters: A-Z (0-25), a-z (26-51), 0-9 (52-61), + (62), and / (63). The = character is used for padding when the input length is not divisible by 3.

Question 3

What is the size overhead of Base64 encoding?

Accepted Answer

Base64 encoding increases the data size by approximately 33%. This is because every 3 bytes of input become 4 bytes of output. For example, a 1MB file will become approximately 1.33MB when Base64 encoded. This overhead should be considered when deciding whether to use Base64 for large files or frequently transmitted data.

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